1.   ( http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9952000/using-rsync-include-and-exclude-options-to-include-directory-and-file-by-pattern )
=============================================

What I want to do is run rsync only on files that begin with "file_11_" in 
the subdirectories and I want to be able to run just one rsync job to sync 
all of these files in the subdirectories. 

The problem is that --exclude="*" says to exclude (for example) the 1260000000/ directory, so rsync never examines the contents of that directory, so never notices that the directory contains files that would have been matched by your --include.

I think the closest thing to what you want is this:
rsync -nrv --include="*/" --include="file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" \
   /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/
(which will include all directories, and all files matching file_11*.jpg, 
but no other files), 

or maybe this:

rsync -nrv --include="/[0-9][0-9][0-9]0000000/" --include="file_11*.jpg" \
   --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/
(same concept, but much pickier about the directories it will include).

2.     my examples
==================
source="/media/Android/"    # ending with slash !
dest="/media/DATA-4T/SIK/SIK-Android/DATA-rsync/"    # ending with slash !
exclude_file="/home/gerd/Android/exclude.txt"
include_file="/home/gerd/Android/include.txt"

include_opts="--include='Phone/' --include='Phone/My Data/' --include='My Data/*'"
long_opts="--recursive                                  -vvv     --progress --update --links --protect-args"
long_opts2="                            --include-from=$include_file --exclude-from=$exclude_file"
long_opts3="--update --delete-excluded --devices --specials"

sudo rsync $dry_run $long_opts $long_opts2 $source $dest | tee ./aaa

# !!! wg. spaces nicht in include Datei !!!
sudo rsync $dry_run --recursive -vvv --progress --update --links --protect-args --include="Phone/" --include='Phone/My D
ata/' \
--include='My Data/*' --exclude="*" $source $dest | tee ./bbb


include.txt:
-----------
Card/
Card/DCIM/
Card/DCIM/Camera/
Camera/*
Card/Doku/
Doku/*
/Card/Sounds/
Sounds/*

Phone/
Phone/carbon/
Phone/carbon/com.android.providers.telephony/
com.android.providers.telephony/*
com.android.providers.userdictionary/*
Phone/Documents/
Documents/*
'Phone/My Data/'
'My Data/*'

exclude.txt:
------------
*